The Crusades were essentially a conflict between Christendom and Islam. To be specific, they were a conflict between Christian civilization and Islam as adopted by "the Turk," those savage, destructive Mongol tribes from Asia. After the terrible Christian defeat at Manzikert in Turkey (1071 A.D., not only the ancient Christian civilization in the Holy Land, but Europe itself lay in mortal peril. Here the great Catholic historian Hilaire Belloc states that in this titanic struggle to which nearly a million men arose, "our fathers all but re-established the spiritual mastery of Europe over th... View More...